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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs for ADHD and are believed to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. They cannot treat the disorder, but rather treat symptoms if they are taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication could include an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, upset stomach as well as anxiety and tics. Certain teenagers and children who are taking stimulant drugs notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, a central nervous stimulant is the most well-known drug used to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety of forms, such as chewable tablets with liquid as well as an oral disintegrating tablet, which acts long and has an extended release. The drug boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This helps to improve concentration. It can also help reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. adhd treatment without medication is a proven treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate works by blocking the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug can cause a small increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Patients with diabetes should be on guard when taking this medication because it can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar. If you experience any of these side effects, speak with your doctor. Methylphenidate can also trigger Raynaud's phenomenon which causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is a rare side effect, however, it is crucial to tell your doctor if you have these symptoms. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate can slow down children's growth. However, this has not been proven. If your child is taking methylphenidate, make sure you keep an eye on their weight and height. If your child takes tablets containing methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine, it could pose a risk to children with Phenylketonuria. Consult your physician about a different formulation of methylphenidate when you suffer from PKU. Stimulants are considered the first-choice medication for treating ADHD, but some individuals have issues with these medications. In these cases doctors might prescribe other medications that work similarly. Apart from methylphenidate there are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. These substances can last longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are typically taken twice to three times daily However, some people take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration while reducing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It belongs to a category called selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of norepinephrine and dopamine two chemical messengers that control brain activity. It is a favorite among children and adults who want a different medication than stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to realize that atomoxetine does not work immediately. It may take up to 6 weeks before the effects of this drug become apparent. There are also negative side effects, such as drowsiness and nausea. For the majority of patients the benefits of taking atomoxetine are greater than any risks. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged between 12 and 18, the effectiveness of atomoxetine was confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the daily dose of atomoxetine 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for a period of 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group as well as the placebo group experienced a reduction in symptoms of depression. The atomoxetine group saw more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson and co. 2001). In a separate open study, 10 patients with ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvements in ADHD symptoms in comparison to placebo, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Version of the screening and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales increasing significantly. One patient however, experienced an rash and resigned from the study. Three patients reported intermittent gastrointestinal problems and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil and colleagues, 2005). Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine to your doctor about your medical background and any other supplements or medications that you are taking. This includes herbal remedies and other over-the-counter medicines. Tell your doctor when any of the following conditions are present for narrow-angle glaucoma thyroid or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease or sudden death. You should avoid the use of atomoxetine when you've been taking an MAO-inhibitor such as isocarboxazid and linezolid in the last 14 days, or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant, can help to improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce impulsivity and improve concentration, but it does not affect the brain in the same way that stimulants do. It's only available on prescription. Your doctor will determine the most appropriate dosage for you. Bupropion comes in capsules and tablets. It is important to follow the prescriptions. You may experience withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop abruptly. It's usually taken twice or three times a day with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dosage can vary from 100 mg twice or three times per day to 150 mg three or four times daily. The drug is taken up by the digestive system, and excreted through urine. It is not able to enter breast milk. It can, however, be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion may increase blood pressure, which is why it's important to monitor it frequently. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It also helps treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors within your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs. Inform your doctor if taking any other medication. It's also important to find out whether you suffer from any allergies. It is also important to avoid caffeine or other stimulants, which can make the side effects worse. In a variety of studies, bupropion was compared to placebos for adults with ADHD. These studies produced mixed results, and a lot were poorly conducted. Additionally, many excluded people with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion may have a small effect on ADHD. More research is required to determine positive outcomes for patients, such as an improvement in the quality of living. Before effective treatments can be developed, it is necessary to understand the underlying causes of the molecular types of ADHD. This includes a better understanding of the connection between the different molecular pathways. It's also important to understand the way that anti-ADHD medications work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants If the stimulants prescribed to children suffering from ADHD aren't effective or cause adverse side effects, doctors might consider antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) boost the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which help people concentrate. These older medications can cause serious adverse consequences. They are usually only used when other medications fail. The first choice of depression-related antidepressants is typically a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline or citalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in certain cases despite their long history. They are also effective in reducing neuropathic pain. They also have a second pain-relieving action that is separate from their antidepressant activity. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor, by preventing its reuptake, and they also act as descending moderators for pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs have lower risks of toxicity, and less serious adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They're also safer in pregnancy and aren't teratogenic in animals or humans. But they can have significant withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. Your doctor might suggest gradually reducing the dose over a few weeks to minimize these effects. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly that is prescribed off-label for treating ADHD, is not FDA approved as an adhd drug. It is believed to work by increasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which improves concentration. It also has been proven to reduce anxiety and can be combined with stimulants for more rapid and lasting results. There are no FDA-approved nonstimulant ADHD medications, but many people experience relief from herbal remedies and supplements to their diets. A diet low on fat and sugar can help reduce ADHD symptoms. Also, avoiding caffeine may be beneficial for certain people. Inform your doctor about all medications you or your child are taking such as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This can help reduce unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, and it's often a process of trial and error to determine the right drug and dosage for you or your child.